Introduction: Why Awareness Matters
Parkinson’s disease is one of the most common neurological conditions affecting older Australians, yet many people know surprisingly little about its early signs. For families, recognising the first indications can make a critical difference. While Parkinson’s is a progressive disorder with no known cure, early diagnosis and management can greatly improve quality of life.
In this guide, we will explore the first signs of Parkinson’s disease, explain what causes it, and outline how families can respond. Our focus is not only on the physical and emotional symptoms but also on the broader implications for independence, dignity, and planning ahead.
Understanding Parkinson’s Disease
What Is Parkinson’s Disease?
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological condition caused by reduced production of dopamine, a chemical messenger in the brain. Dopamine is essential for smooth, coordinated movement. When dopamine levels drop, the messages between brain cells become disrupted, leading to difficulty controlling movements and other functions.
While the condition is most often diagnosed around the age of 65, it does not exclusively affect the elderly. Parkinson’s can impact people of various ages and backgrounds, though it is more prevalent in older adults.
How Common Is It?
In Australia, tens of thousands of people live with Parkinson’s disease. With an ageing population, the numbers are expected to increase. Families and healthcare systems alike must prepare for the growing need to support those affected.
Why Early Signs Are Difficult to Spot
Unlike sudden health events, Parkinson’s develops slowly and subtly. The changes often emerge over months or years, which makes them easy to dismiss as part of “normal ageing.” Some symptoms may appear mild or intermittent before becoming more consistent.
Because of this, both individuals and their families need to pay attention to subtle warning signs. Acting early does not change the fact that Parkinson’s is progressive, but it allows for better treatment planning, lifestyle adjustments, and emotional preparation.
Common Early Signs of Parkinson’s Disease
Below we detail the most frequently reported early symptoms. While not every person experiences all of these signs, recognising them can provide important clues.
- Tremors and Shaking
One of the most widely known symptoms of Parkinson’s is tremors—uncontrollable shaking that usually begins in the hands or fingers. At first, tremors may appear when the person is at rest, such as when sitting quietly. Over time, the movements may become more noticeable.
- Changes in Handwriting
A lesser-known early symptom is a noticeable change in handwriting, known as micrographia. Writing may become smaller, cramped, or harder to read. If someone who previously wrote clearly now struggles with tiny or inconsistent letters, it may be an indicator of early Parkinson’s.
- Sleep Disturbances
Uncontrollable movements during sleep—such as thrashing, kicking, or rolling—are common in people with Parkinson’s. These disturbances may cause restless nights not only for the individual but also for their partner or family members.
- Difficulty Walking or Moving Normally
Slowness of movement, stiffness, or difficulty initiating steps may appear in the early stages. People sometimes describe their feet as feeling “stuck to the floor.” Movements that once felt automatic can become laboured.
- Constipation
Changes in bowel function can be an overlooked sign of Parkinson’s. Persistent constipation, especially when not explained by diet or medications, may be a red flag.
- Changes to the Voice
Parkinson’s can affect muscles involved in speech. Early changes may include a softer voice, difficulty projecting, or loss of vocal variation. Loved ones might notice that the person sounds monotonous or is harder to hear.
- Dizziness and Fainting
Low blood pressure and changes in circulation may cause dizziness or fainting spells. This symptom can appear early and may be mistaken for unrelated health issues.
- Stooped Posture
A stooped or slouched posture when standing is another subtle clue. People may not notice their posture changing, but friends and family often see the difference.
- Rigid Facial Expression
Parkinson’s can reduce facial mobility, leading to a mask-like appearance. Loved ones may notice that expressions seem limited or absent, even if the person feels normal inside.
- Loss of Smell
A diminished or dulled sense of smell is a surprising but common early sign. Individuals may no longer detect familiar scents, such as cooking aromas or flowers.
- Unexplained Weight Loss
Weight loss without obvious cause can accompany early Parkinson’s. This may be linked to changes in appetite, digestion, or increased energy demands from muscle rigidity.
- Mood and Psychological Changes
Anxiety and depression often accompany Parkinson’s, even before major physical symptoms emerge. These changes can significantly affect daily life and relationships.
The Progression of Symptoms
The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease typically develop slowly over time. In the early stages, they may appear inconsistently or be mild enough to overlook. Over months and years, however, the combination of tremors, stiffness, and psychological changes becomes more noticeable.
While every individual experiences Parkinson’s differently, the progressive nature of the disease means families should prepare for increasing levels of care and support.
Why Early Diagnosis Matters
Early recognition of symptoms is critical for several reasons:
- Better treatment outcomes – Starting therapies early can help manage symptoms more effectively.
- Lifestyle adjustments – Individuals can adapt routines to maintain independence for longer.
- Planning for support – Families can consider care options before needs become urgent.
- Emotional preparation – Understanding the condition helps reduce fear and uncertainty.
Treatment and Symptom Management
Currently, there is no cure for Parkinson’s disease. However, medical treatment can significantly improve quality of life.
- Medication: Prescriptions can help boost or substitute dopamine levels in the brain, improving movement and reducing tremors.
- Therapies: Physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy can assist with mobility, independence, and communication.
- Lifestyle support: Exercise, balanced nutrition, and mental health support contribute to overall well-being.
Supporting a Loved One with Parkinson’s
For families, supporting a loved one with Parkinson’s is both rewarding and challenging. Emotional patience, practical planning, and community resources are all vital.
Communication Tips
- Encourage open conversations about changes in symptoms.
- Listen actively and validate feelings.
- Avoid speaking on behalf of your loved one unless asked.
Practical Care Strategies
- Ensure the home environment is safe and accessible.
- Support daily routines with gentle assistance.
- Encourage participation in activities that promote independence.
Emotional Support
- Recognise the risk of depression and anxiety.
- Provide companionship and social opportunities.
- Seek external support groups for both the individual and carers.
Looking Ahead: Planning for Care
As Parkinson’s progresses, care needs often increase. While some individuals manage independently in the early years, others may require assistance sooner. Planning ahead gives families peace of mind and ensures that the right supports are in place when needed.
SSCA’s Role in Care Finding
At Support Services Connect Australia (SSCA), we understand the stress families feel when faced with a Parkinson’s diagnosis. Choosing the right care provider can be overwhelming, especially when navigating government systems and complex fee structures.
Our free care finding service in Melbourne helps families connect with providers that match their needs, preferences, and location. With over 25 years of experience in aged care, we guide you through the process with compassion and clarity—always respecting your right to make your own decisions.
If you or your family are seeking the right aged care support, reach out to SSCA. We are here to help you find the best provider, at no cost to you.