Prevalence of falls among older Australians
In the 2018-19 fiscal year, falls were identified as the primary cause of injury-related hospitalizations, making up 75% of all hospital presentations. Nearly 53,000 emergency room visits and 44,000 hospitalizations were recorded for individuals over the age of 65.
Approximately 3% of elderly Victorians were hospitalized due to falls, with a yearly increase of 4.4% in fall-related admissions. Of those aged 65 and older admitted to the hospital for falls, 62% were women.
It is alarming to note that older individuals are nearly 12 times more likely to experience a fall than a motor vehicle or pedestrian accident.
It is estimated that at least one-third of individuals aged 65 years and older experience one or more falls annually. While some of these falls may not lead to injury, they can result in various health complications, including:
- Hip and wrist fractures
- Chest injuries such as rib fractures
- Hip and shoulder dislocations
- Head injuries and abrasions
- Bruising, Sprains and strains
- Fear of falling, leading to a loss of confidence and limitations in daily activities.
These falls can have a significant impact on the overall well-being and quality of life of older adults. It is crucial to take preventive measures to reduce the risk of falls and minimize the potential consequences associated with them.
What are the reasons behind people falling?
Several factors can increase the likelihood of falling as you age, including:
- Age-related changes in your body, such as deteriorating eyesight, slower reaction times, cognitive decline, and reduced sensation or numbness in your lower limbs.
- Weakening muscles and stiffening joints.
- Developing new health issues.
- Experiencing side effects of medicine, especially if you are taking five or more different drugs.
- Sensory, unsteadiness, and balance problems.
- Insufficient physical activity.
- Poor diet and inadequate
- Low Calcium levels, which can lead to fractures if a fall occurs.
- Foot pain or wearing unsafe footwear.
- Hazards like rugs, floor mats, uneven or wet surfaces, and poor lighting at home or outdoors.
Additionally, short-term illnesses such as the flu or infections, as well as recovering from surgery or a recent hospitalization, can temporarily increase the risk of falling.
It is important to be aware of these risk factors and take steps to prevent falls as you age. Regular exercise, a balanced diet, proper footwear, and removing hazards from your environment can all help reduce the risk of falling and maintain your overall health and well-being.
Ways for preventing falls
Despite common misconceptions, falls are not unavoidable, and many older individuals can be prevented from experiencing them. There are certain risk factors for falls that can be easily modified, and in cases where falls do occur, the severity of resulting injuries can be minimized.
The initial step in preventing falls is to ensure that if an individual feels unsteady or experiences a fall, even if it does not result in an injury, they should schedule an appointment to discuss this with a healthcare provider. Falls can sometimes indicate an underlying health issue that needs to be addressed. Many public health services offer falls and balance clinics that focus on addressing the common causes of falls.
By taking proactive measures and seeking appropriate medical attention, older individuals can reduce their risk of falling and maintain their overall health and well-being.
Preventing falls
To prevent falls and reduce the risk of injuries, it is important to take proactive measures both inside and outside of your home. Here are some tips to help you stay safe:
- Enhance safety measures in your home by removing clutter, securing rugs, installing grab bars in bathrooms, and ensuring adequate lighting in all areas.
- Prioritize your health by staying current with routine Health checks, maintaining a balance, and engaging in regular exercise to enhance your balance, strength, and flexibility. Consider participating in home or group exercise programs, or try Tai chi for added benefits.
- Choose footwear that is both comfortable and properly fitting. Opt for shoes that are wide in the toe area, have low or no heels, and feature slip-resistant soles to minimize the risk of slipping and falling.
Improve the security of your home
To enhance safety in your home and minimize the risk of falling, consider implementing the following measures:
- Ensure proper lighting, especially in areas like the path between the bed and the bathroom or toilet during nighttime. Replace light bulbs with energy-efficient CFL bulbs of 12 watts or higher. Utilize plug-in night lights and motion-sensitive lights near stairs and the bathroom. These lighting options can be easily found at most hardware stores.
- Reduce daytime glare through glass doors and windows by using sheer blinds.
- Keep walkways and corridors clear of clutter and well-lit.
- Repair or replace carpets with worn areas, holes, or loose threads.
- Secure mats and rugs in place and ensure they are free of tears or wrinkles. Apply adhesive strips to all mats and rugs, including those in the bathroom.
- Ensure that chairs and beds are stable and easy to access and that tables and benches do not have sharp corners.
- Promptly clean up spills to prevent slipping hazards.
- Install grab rails in the bathroom, as towel rails may not be sturdy enough for support. To prevent slips on wet bathroom tiles, consider using non-slip materials or treatments.
- Avoid highly polished floorboards, as they can be slippery.
- Install support rails near steps if there is no handrail present. Maintain working smoke alarms and have a fire blanket or extinguisher easily accessible in case of emergencies.
- Avoid wearing long clothing that may touch the floor, such as a dressing gown, to prevent tripping.
- Refrain from wearing socks or loose slippers while walking around the house.
- Consult with an occupational therapist for additional recommendations on enhancing the safety of your home.
Other measures for preventing falls
Maintain your health
To enhance your physical well-being and decrease the likelihood of falls, it is important to take the following steps:
- Consult with your doctor or other healthcare professionals regarding:
– Your dietary habits
– Management of your medications, including over-the-counter drugs
– Strategies for handling chronic medical conditions such as dizziness and incontinence - Schedule an annual eye examination to maintain good vision.
- Regularly visit a podiatrist to prevent foot issues.
- Choose footwear that is both comfortable and properly fitting. Shoes should be spacious in the toe area, have minimal or no heels, and feature slip-resistant soles.
- Consider using hip protectors or limb protectors to reduce the risk of hip fractures and skin tears in case of a fall.
- Ensure that your Vitamin D levels are adequate for strong bones and muscles.
- Maintain a nutritious diet and stay hydrated.
- Stay physically active. Research indicates that exercise is beneficial at any age.
By following these guidelines, you can significantly improve your overall health and well-being while reducing the chances of experiencing a fall.
Engaging in physical exercise
Staying active is key to maintaining strong muscles and flexible joints, which can help prevent falls and injuries. Engaging in exercises that focus on improving balance, strength, and flexibility, such as tai chi or group exercise programs, can be beneficial.
Joining a walking group or a gym with programs designed for older individuals is also a great option. Many local councils offer support for walking and activity programs.
Before starting any physical activity program, it is important to consult with your GP.
A Physiotherapist can assist in creating an exercise regimen tailored to your needs.
Preventing falls is crucial for older individuals. Don’t fall for it. Falls can be prevented: A guide for preventing falls for older Australians is a helpful guide that provides tips on reducing the risk of falling. This resource can be a valuable tool in maintaining your safety and well-being.
In the event of a fall at home
- If you have a fall at home
– In the event of a fall, it is important to remain calm and composed. Take a few moments to collect yourself before taking any action. If possible, reach out for assistance by calling for help. Dial triple zero (000) for emergency services or contact your local doctor for assistance. Keep your telephone easily accessible, such as on a low table near the floor.
– Assess your situation and determine if you are able to get up on your own. If not, do not hesitate to seek help from others. Remember to prioritize your safety and well-being in any emergency situation.
- If you can get up on your own
– Roll over onto your stomach and attempt to get into a crawling position.
– Crawl towards a sturdy piece of furniture, such as a lounge chair.
-Try to rise onto your knees.
– Push up, utilizing your strongest leg and arms while maintaining a firm grip on the furniture.
– Sit down on the furniture to rest and assess your condition.
It is advisable to consult with your doctor to examine for any injuries and determine if there was a medical reason for the fall.
- If you are unable to get up on your own
– If you find yourself in a situation where you are unable to get up after a fall, try to crawl or drag yourself to a carpeted area. Once there, search for anything that can provide warmth such as bedclothes, a towel, or clothing while you wait for help to arrive.
– If you have a personal alarm, be sure to use it to alert someone of your situation. If you do not have a personal alarm, use an object such as a walking stick to make a loud noise against a wall to attract the attention of a neighbor.
– If you believe no one will hear you, focus on keeping warm and try to get up again later when you feel more capable.
It is important to see your doctor after a fall to check for any injuries and to determine if there was a medical reason for the fall.
Where to get help?
In case of an emergency, remember to dial triple zero (000) for immediate assistance.
Your General practitioner services – Better Health Channel general practitioner (GP) should also be contacted for any health concerns.
Local community health services are available to provide support and resources.
For those in Victoria, the Victorian Falls and Balance Service Directory can help locate a service specialized in falls and balance issues. Additional resources include
My Aged Care – Tel. 1800 200 422
Carers Australia – Tel. 1800 422 737
COTA – Tel. (03) 9655 2100
Independent Living Centre Victoria – Tel. 1300 885 886
These organizations provide assistance and guidance for individuals in need of support. Contact them for more information on services available in your area.
Falls represent the primary cause of injury among older adults, underscoring the importance of prevention. Discover the underlying reasons for falls and learn effective strategies to reduce the risk of falling.
The fear of falling is a significant concern among older adults, affecting 42-73% of individuals who have experienced a fall. As we age, the risk of falling only increases, making this fear even more prevalent. The fear of falling can have a profound impact on an individual’s self-confidence and self-esteem, particularly for seniors who equate their ability to move safely with their independence.
It is crucial to understand the significance of fall prevention
Falls represent the primary cause of both fatal and nonfatal injuries in the elderly population. They can result in psychological distress, reduced mobility, and an increased fear of future falls. Moreover, the financial strain associated with fall-related injuries, such as medical bills and rehabilitation expenses, can significantly impact older adults and healthcare resources.
Preventing falls among older adults requires addressing immediate risks and adopting a proactive stance to preserve their autonomy and dignity. Maintaining independence in older adults has been linked to higher levels of happiness, satisfaction, and overall mental well-being. This sense of ontrol over their lives can help combat feelings of helplessness and depression.
“Older adults who maintain their independence often report higher levels of happiness, satisfaction, and overall mental well-being. They feel more in control of their lives, which can combat feelings of helplessness or depression.” — Ryan S Sultan , a psychiatrist and the medical director of Integrative Psych.
What are the factors that contribute to falls?
Various factors can contribute to an individual’s likelihood of experiencing a fall. Rather than a single cause, falls often result from a combination of factors, including:
- Medications: Falls among older adults are frequently caused by the side effects of certain medications. Medications that induce dizziness, drowsiness, or low blood pressure can notably elevate the risk of falls. Common culprits include Antidepressants, sedatives, blood pressure medications, and drugs impacting balance and coordination are often to blame. Conducting regular medication reviews and maintaining open dialogue with healthcare providers can help mitigate this risk.
- Age-related muscle loss: As people age, they naturally undergo a reduction in muscle mass and a decreased bone density, which can adversely affect their strength and stability. This loss of muscle can further influence balance and coordination, increasing the risk of falls among older adults. It is crucial for seniors to participate in a consistent exercise regimen that emphasizes strength training and balance to mitigate these age-related physiological changes. compromise strength and stability.
- Environmental safety hazards: It is imperative to address environmental safety hazards in living spaces to prevent falls. Common hazards include cluttered areas, uneven flooring, inadequate lighting, and the absence of handrails. Conducting home safety assessments and implementing modifications like installing grab rails and eliminating tripping hazards are essential steps in preventing falls.
- Cognitive impairment: older adults with cognitive function, such as dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease, are at a higher risk of experiencing falls due to impaired judgment, confusion, and spatial awareness difficulties. To prevent falls, it is important to provide carer education and make environmental adaptations that cater to the unique needs of those with cognitive impairment.
- Conditions affecting balance: Chronic health issues such as diabetes can have an impact on sensory perception and nerve function, leading to balance problems and an increased risk of falling. Neurological disorders and inner ear issues can also play a role in causing balance issues. It is crucial to regularly monitor and manage these conditions in order to prevent falls.
- Issues with the feet: Foot-related such as neuropathy, arthritis, and wearing ill-fitting shoes, significantly increase the risk of falls. Decreased sensation in the feet, pain or trouble with placing the feet properly can impede movement and balance. Regular foot evaluations, wearing suitable footwear, and seeking help from a podiatrist are essential in addressing this aspect of fall prevention.
- Dehydration and malnutrition: Inadequate hydration and poor nutrition can heighten the risk of falls. This can result in weakness, dizziness, and fatigue, further increasing the risk of falling. Consistent evaluations to ensure adequate hydration and nutrition are crucial for enhancing general well-being and minimize the probability of falls.
Falls present a substantial danger to the physical and emotional health of older adults, ultimately affecting their overall quality of life. It is essential to tackle the different elements that lead to falls, such as medication side effects, and environmental dangers, in order to prevent them effectively. By employing a variety of tactics, such as staying physically active, scheduling regular health examinations, and using assistive tools, when necessary, it is possible to effectively decrease the risk of falls.
It is essential to understand that falling is not an unavoidable result of ageing. By taking proactive steps to prevent falls, both older adults and their carers can secure safety, health, and independence.
Strategies to prevent falls
How can I prevent a fall?
Your risk of falling can be significantly reduced by:
- Staying active through safe exercise programs that include strength and balance training.
- Regular sight and hearing tests.
- Taking your time. Getting up quickly can sometimes make you feel wobbly or lightheaded.
- Reviewing medication side effects with your doctor.
- Removing trip hazards and being careful on slippery floors.
- Choosing the right footwear with non-slip soles. Avoid walking in socks, shoes, or slippers with smooth soles.
- Always seeking medical attention if you’ve had a fall, even if you aren’t hurt and feel ok.
The benefits of exercise
Exercise can prevent falls in older people by decreasing many risk factors. Some of the benefits of exercise include:
- Building strength
- Improving balance
- Boosting confidence
- Improving mobility
- Improving reaction times
- Improving mental ability and mood
Balancing exercises are very important for falls prevention. It’s also important to practice strengthening exercises. These improve muscle stability, which is key for good balance.
Regular, ongoing practice is the most effective. Try a safe routine that gradually becomes more challenging over time. Some examples of falls prevention exercises include:
- Heel-to-toe walking
- Sideways leg raises
- Sit-to-stand transitions
- Heel and toe raises
- Alternate knee lifts